Fix warnings, move to c++17, consistent include guards, clean up (some) includes

[ebchin]

This PR

• Clears all warnings up to clang 20
• Introduces new array types in common/Memory.hpp and common/Arrays.hpp, tests in tests/tribol_memory.cpp and tests/tribol_containers.cpp, and benchmarks in examples/array_benchmarks.cpp
• Introduces geometric primitives in geom/Vector.hpp and geom/Hyperplane.hpp which handle operations on these commonly used types
• Removes tribol::StackArray in favor of these new array types
• Replaces variable length C-style arrays with new array types that match the type of data being stored
• Changes include guard naming to be consistent
• Removes some of the extraneous header includes in some of the test and source files. Still some work to be done with this.

TODO:

• Documentation
• Benchmark cleanup
• Constructor clarification for new memory and array types

Follow-on PRs:

• Further cleanup of extraneous header file includes
• Convert more arrays to use the new array types and make sure existing usages are clear and in line with the intended usage
• Add functionality to new array and geometry types as needed